第63节
【】ebattleofhastings,onoctoberthe
fourteenthofthatyear,hedestroyedtheesofharold
ofhelastoftheanglosaxonkingsaablished
hielfaskingofengland.butheorhis
suessorsofthehouseofanjouandplantageregarded
englandastheirtrueho.totheheislanderelya
partoftheirgreatiaheasortof
lonyinhabitedbyratherbackthey
forcedtheiroion.graduallyhowever
the``lonyofenglandgainedupoher
untryofnorndy.atthesatithekingsof
fran
englishneighboursorethandisobedient
servantsofthefrenroeraturyofwar
farethefrenchpeople,uheleadershipofayounggirlby
thenaofjoanofartheir
soil.joanherself,takenaprisohebattleofpiegne
intheyear1430andsoldbyherburgundiancaptorstothe
englishsoldiers,ch.buttheenglish
nevergainedfootholdupoiandtheirkingswere
atlastabletodevotealltheirtitotheirbritishpossessions.
asthefeudalnobilityoftheislandhadbeenengagedinoneof
thosestrangefeudsnintheddleages
asaslesandsllpox,andasthegreaterpartoftheold
landedproprietorshadbeenkilledduringthesesocalledwars
oftheroses,iteeasyforthekingstoiheir
royalpoheendofthefifteeury,england
ronglytraliseduntry,ruledbyhenryvii
ofthehouseoftudor,ousurtofjustice,the
``starery,suppressedallattets
oofthesurvivingaintheiroldinfluence
uponthegoventoftheuntryostseverity.
intheyear1509henryviiceededbyhisson
henryviii,andfrohatntooryofengland
gainedaaheuntryceasedtobea
diaevalislandandbecaadestate.
henryhaderestinreligion.hegladlyuseda
privatedisagreentany
divorselfindepeofroandke
thehofenglandthefirstofthose``nationalistihes
ihespiritualheadofhis
subjeationof1034notonlygave
thehouseoftudorthesupportoftheenglishclergy,who
foralongtihadbeenexposedtotheviolentattaany
lutheranpropagandists,butitalsoincreasedtheroyalpower
throughthenfiserpossessionsofthe
nasteries.atthesatiitdehenrypopularhthe
rtsandtradespeople,heproudandprosperous
inhabitantsofanislaof
europebyadislikefor
everything``fnanddidnotanitalianbishoptorule
theirhobritishsouls.
in1517henrydied.heleftthethroohissllson,
agedten.theguardiansoftheode
lutherando.
buttheboydiedbeforeheeen,andceeded
byhissisterry,thewifeofphilipiiofspain,who
buedthebishopsoftheneionalchurdinother
pleofherroyalspanishhusband
fortunatelyshedied,intheyear1558,andceeded
byelizabeth,thedaughterofhenryviiiandanneboleyn,
thesendofhissixhehaddecapitatedwhenshe
nolongerpleasedhielizabeth,etiin
prison,andtherequestofthe
holyroneeror,ostrdialeneofeverything
catholidspanish.shesharedherfathersindifference
ierionbutsheiedhisabilityasa
veryshreer,ahefortyfiveyears
niheningthepohedynastyandin
inerryislands.
inthissheostablyassistedbyanuerofnwho
gatheredarouhroneaheelizabethanagea
periodofsuchiortayououghttostudyitiail
ihespecialbooksofellyouinthe
bibliographyattheendofthisvolu.
elizabeth,hofeelentirelysafeuponher
throne.shehadarivalandaverydangerousone.ry,
ofthehouseofstuart,daughterofafrenhessanda
sttishfather,isiioffrand
daughterinlaediciwhohadanised
therdersofsaintbartholootherof
alittleboyethefirststuartking
ofengland.shecatholidawillingfriend
tothoseiesofelizabeth.herok
ofpolitiethodsployed
topunishhercalvinistits,causedarevolutioninstland
andforcedrytotakerefugeonenglishterritory.for
eighteenyearsshereinedinengland,plottingforeverand
adayagainsttheanerandwho
lastobligedtofolloheadviceofhertrusteduncilors
``tocutteoffthesttishqueensheade.
theheadteoffintheyear1587andcaused
abinednaviesofenglandand
hollaedphilipsinvinciblearda,aswehavealready
seen,andthebloeanttodestroythe
pohetantileadersuedintoa
profitablebusinessadventure.
fooanyyearsofhesitation,theenglish
ashedutchthoughtittheirghttoinvade
theindiesandaridaveheillsheirprotes
tehrenhadsufferedatthehandsofthespaniards.the
englishhadbeenangtheearliestsubus.
britishships,heveianpilotgiovannicaboto
orcabot,hadbeenthefirsttodisverandexplorethe
northearitiin1496bradorandnewfoundland
portanceasapossiblelony.but
thebanksofhe
englishfishi.ayearlater,in1497,thesacabot
hadexploredtheastofflorida.
thehebusyyearsofhenryviiandhenry
viiioneyfnexplorations.
butunderelizabeth,ary
stuartinprison,thesailorsuldleavetheirharbourhout
fe
...
fourteenthofthatyear,hedestroyedtheesofharold
ofhelastoftheanglosaxonkingsaablished
hielfaskingofengland.butheorhis
suessorsofthehouseofanjouandplantageregarded
englandastheirtrueho.totheheislanderelya
partoftheirgreatiaheasortof
lonyinhabitedbyratherbackthey
forcedtheiroion.graduallyhowever
the``lonyofenglandgainedupoher
untryofnorndy.atthesatithekingsof
fran
englishneighboursorethandisobedient
servantsofthefrenroeraturyofwar
farethefrenchpeople,uheleadershipofayounggirlby
thenaofjoanofartheir
soil.joanherself,takenaprisohebattleofpiegne
intheyear1430andsoldbyherburgundiancaptorstothe
englishsoldiers,ch.buttheenglish
nevergainedfootholdupoiandtheirkingswere
atlastabletodevotealltheirtitotheirbritishpossessions.
asthefeudalnobilityoftheislandhadbeenengagedinoneof
thosestrangefeudsnintheddleages
asaslesandsllpox,andasthegreaterpartoftheold
landedproprietorshadbeenkilledduringthesesocalledwars
oftheroses,iteeasyforthekingstoiheir
royalpoheendofthefifteeury,england
ronglytraliseduntry,ruledbyhenryvii
ofthehouseoftudor,ousurtofjustice,the
``starery,suppressedallattets
oofthesurvivingaintheiroldinfluence
uponthegoventoftheuntryostseverity.
intheyear1509henryviiceededbyhisson
henryviii,andfrohatntooryofengland
gainedaaheuntryceasedtobea
diaevalislandandbecaadestate.
henryhaderestinreligion.hegladlyuseda
privatedisagreentany
divorselfindepeofroandke
thehofenglandthefirstofthose``nationalistihes
ihespiritualheadofhis
subjeationof1034notonlygave
thehouseoftudorthesupportoftheenglishclergy,who
foralongtihadbeenexposedtotheviolentattaany
lutheranpropagandists,butitalsoincreasedtheroyalpower
throughthenfiserpossessionsofthe
nasteries.atthesatiitdehenrypopularhthe
rtsandtradespeople,heproudandprosperous
inhabitantsofanislaof
europebyadislikefor
everything``fnanddidnotanitalianbishoptorule
theirhobritishsouls.
in1517henrydied.heleftthethroohissllson,
agedten.theguardiansoftheode
lutherando.
buttheboydiedbeforeheeen,andceeded
byhissisterry,thewifeofphilipiiofspain,who
buedthebishopsoftheneionalchurdinother
pleofherroyalspanishhusband
fortunatelyshedied,intheyear1558,andceeded
byelizabeth,thedaughterofhenryviiiandanneboleyn,
thesendofhissixhehaddecapitatedwhenshe
nolongerpleasedhielizabeth,etiin
prison,andtherequestofthe
holyroneeror,ostrdialeneofeverything
catholidspanish.shesharedherfathersindifference
ierionbutsheiedhisabilityasa
veryshreer,ahefortyfiveyears
niheningthepohedynastyandin
inerryislands.
inthissheostablyassistedbyanuerofnwho
gatheredarouhroneaheelizabethanagea
periodofsuchiortayououghttostudyitiail
ihespecialbooksofellyouinthe
bibliographyattheendofthisvolu.
elizabeth,hofeelentirelysafeuponher
throne.shehadarivalandaverydangerousone.ry,
ofthehouseofstuart,daughterofafrenhessanda
sttishfather,isiioffrand
daughterinlaediciwhohadanised
therdersofsaintbartholootherof
alittleboyethefirststuartking
ofengland.shecatholidawillingfriend
tothoseiesofelizabeth.herok
ofpolitiethodsployed
topunishhercalvinistits,causedarevolutioninstland
andforcedrytotakerefugeonenglishterritory.for
eighteenyearsshereinedinengland,plottingforeverand
adayagainsttheanerandwho
lastobligedtofolloheadviceofhertrusteduncilors
``tocutteoffthesttishqueensheade.
theheadteoffintheyear1587andcaused
abinednaviesofenglandand
hollaedphilipsinvinciblearda,aswehavealready
seen,andthebloeanttodestroythe
pohetantileadersuedintoa
profitablebusinessadventure.
fooanyyearsofhesitation,theenglish
ashedutchthoughtittheirghttoinvade
theindiesandaridaveheillsheirprotes
tehrenhadsufferedatthehandsofthespaniards.the
englishhadbeenangtheearliestsubus.
britishships,heveianpilotgiovannicaboto
orcabot,hadbeenthefirsttodisverandexplorethe
northearitiin1496bradorandnewfoundland
portanceasapossiblelony.but
thebanksofhe
englishfishi.ayearlater,in1497,thesacabot
hadexploredtheastofflorida.
thehebusyyearsofhenryviiandhenry
viiioneyfnexplorations.
butunderelizabeth,ary
stuartinprison,thesailorsuldleavetheirharbourhout
fe
...